(A) study the physical, cultural, and social characteristics of humans
(B) study the physical remains and fossils of animals and plants
(C) study the objects and buildings created by humans
(D) study astronomy
(E) study ancient urban centers
(A) is caused by poor cultivation methods
(B) prevents specialization of labor
(C) gives rise to the specialization of labor and stratification of society
(D) can never occur in modern societies
(E) none of the above
(A) 100,000
(B) 10 million
(C) 3 million to 4 million
(D) 20 million
(E) 10,000
I. bipedalism
II. a large brain
III. use of agriculture
IV. larynx
(A) I, II, and IV
(B) I, III, and IV
(C) I and III only
(D) II and IV only
(E) III only
I. widespread specialization of labor
II. a subsistence lifestyle
III. limited trade
IV. little specialization of labor
(A) I and III
(B) II and IV
(C) I, II, and III
(D) II, III, and IV
(E) IV only
(A) argues that modern humans appeared throughout the world at the same time
(B) proposes that modern humans emerged in Africa
(C) submits that only the Neaderthal emerged in Africa
(D) argues that crops were first cultivated in Africa
(E) proposes that only the most primitive human behavior originated in Africa
(A) the Mesolithic era
(B) the Neolithic era
(C) the Paleolithic era
(D) the Bronze Age
(A) Herding societies tended to settle on particular lands, and thus civilization emerged relatively quickly.
(B) Pastoralism led to the adoption of a monotheistic approach to religion.
(C) No pastoral societies mixed animal husbandry with the domestication of plants.
(D) Herding societies tended to migrate frequently, and thus civilization took longer to emerge.
(E) Pastoral societies tended to be led by women.
(A) slash-and-burn
(B) shifting
(C) irrigation
(D) fertilizing
(E) mixing crop types
(A) the first use of tools
(B) the use of iron
(C) the beginning of agriculture
(D) the invention of the wheel
(E) the adoption of the earliest form of writing
